What is the name of the effect that causes a gyro to respond to an applied force at a point 90 degrees farther in the direction of rotation?

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Gyroscopic precession is the effect at play here. When a spinning wheel or rotor experiences an external torque, the response isn’t in the direction of the force but at right angles to both the spin axis and the torque. In other words, the axis of rotation moves 90 degrees ahead in the direction of the rotation. This happens because the torque changes the angular momentum vector in a perpendicular direction, so the new orientation of the axis sweeps sideways rather than tipping directly where the force is applied. The precession rate can be described by Ω_p = τ / L, where τ is the applied torque (from the force) and L is the rotor’s angular momentum. This distinguishes precession from other gyro phenomena like drift or a simple angular acceleration along the force direction.